Jong Im Kim ¹, Youngshin Song ¹, Ji Hyun Lee ², Hyun Joo Kim ³, Eun Jeong Hong ⁴, Sun Ae Kim ⁵, Young Suk Jun ⁶, Ock Ja Chang ⁷

Affiliations
1 College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, KR
2 College of Nursing, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, KR
3 Department of Physical Therapy, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungcheongbuk-do, KR
4 Department of Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungcheongbuk-do, KR
5 Department of Nursing, Kkottongnae University, Chungcheongbuk-do, KR
6 Department of Nursing, Woosong College, Daejeon, KR
7 Department of Nursing, Hyejeon College, Chungcheongnam-do, KR

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of depression, stress, and self-esteem according to treatment phase in patient with breast cancer in Korea. We also investigate the relationships between depression, stress, and self-esteem in breast cancer patients. The participants were 168 female patients with breast cancer who were inpatients at a university hospital. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaire utilizing the BDI-K scale, the BEPSI-K scale, the Self-esteem scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, ANOVA, and Scheffe tests. The level of depression and stress were 28.14 ± 12.47 and 3.48 ± 1.15. And the score for self-esteem was 26.29 ± 3.97. The preoperative group had a statistically significantly higher depression compared to other groups (F = 11.687, p < .001). The preoperative group had a statistically significantly higher stress compare to the chemotherapy group (F = 7.953, p = .001). Self-esteem did not show statistical differences among the groups. Depression showed significant correlation with stress (r = .406, p < .001), self-esteem (r = -.425, p < .001). Stress showed significant correlation with self-esteem (r = -.344, p < .001). These results found this study suggest that for the better understanding and help toward the patient of breast cancer. Future nursing research should be directed toward the implementation and evaluation of interventions the increase self-esteem and decrease depression and stress in breast cancer patients.

Keywords

Breast Cancer, Depression, Self-Esteem, Stress.

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Yoonhee Lee ¹, Keumok Park ¹, Kawoun Seo ¹, Bohyun Kim ¹, Youngshin Song ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Munhwaro 266, Jung-gu, Daejeon - 301-747, KR

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between good and poor glucose control groups, and as a result, to identify the factors affecting glycemic control. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This was a descriptive survey study wherein the subjects were adults with diabetes. Based on blood test results from 267 subjects, the participants were divided into two groups: good and poor glucose control. To measure the factors affecting glucose control, the demographics, clinical factors, and health-related behaviors were surveyed using a questionnaire. Real number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical logistic regression were used to obtain glucose control characteristics. Findings: The American Diabetes Association has recommended that Hemoglobin A1c levels be below 7.5% in healthy adults with a long life expectancy. We used this recommended level as the criterion for our study. In the logistic regression analysis, when all variables were controlled for, the following factors were identified as significantly affecting glucose control: depression, experience of having hypoglycemia, and diabetic diet. The odds ratios were 3.58, 2.28 and 2.11, respectively. This study found that diabetic education, smoking, and alcohol consumption did not significantly affect glucose control. Improvement/Applications: Physicians and nurses should promote effective glucose control in patients with diabetes through individualized intervention methods; in this way, the patients' glucose control is maintained at an adequate level.

Keywords

Diabetes, Factor, Glucose Control, Hba1c, Hierarchical Logistic Regression.

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Younghee Jun ¹, Youngshin Song ¹, Jeonghwa Cho ¹, Yoonhee Lee ¹, Jong-Im Kim ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, KR

Abstract

Objectives: To test the psychometric of the Korean version of the Interpersonal Process of Care-18 (IPC-18) for health care providers. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To test the psychometric properties, this tool was translated into Korean and then back-translated into English by bilingual nurses independently. A total of 159 patients with diabetes enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. Reliability and validity of the Korean IPC-18 were tested. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess content, concurrent, and construct validity. In content validity and item analysis, six items were deleted due to low item-total correlations. Findings: For confirming the content validity, content validity index (CVI) was calculated. Results showed that three items were deleted because of scored below 80%. The mean CVI was 85% for the remaining 15 items. Item-analysis was performed for 15 items. During this analysis, three items were deleted because of low valued in term-total correlation. Remained 12 items were entered into exploratory factor analysis. The finding showed that a twofactor 12-item solution that explained 61.8% of variance provided the best-defined factor structure. Factor 1 consisted of 10 items and explained 48.3% of variance; it was named “Health Care Provider” (HCP). Factor 2 included 2 items and explained 13.5% of variance; it was named “Staff Helper”. To confirm concurrent validity, the correlation between the diabetes self-efficacy and the Korean version of the IPC was analyzed. The 12-item Korean version of the IPC was significantly correlated with the diabetes self-efficacy. Patients who scored higher on the IPC had better diabetes self-efficacy. It provided appropriate concurrent validity. Improvements/Applications: Therefore, it can be considered a valid and reliable scale to assess the interpersonal process of care using communication between health care providers and patients with diabetes.

Keywords

Communication, Cultural Adaptation, Interpersonal, Reliability, Validation.

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Jeonghwa Cho ¹, Youngshin Song ¹, Younghee Jun ¹, Yoonhee Lee ¹, Jong-Im Kim ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, KR

Abstract

Objectives: The present study examined the role of unmet social support needs on the relationship between health care providers’ communication efforts and self-efficacy among patients with diabetes. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Patients with diabetes, who were outpatients from an endocrinology department at C University Hospital, participated in a cross-sectional survey. A total 303 patients were enrolled and assessed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were performed. Findings: Results showed that interpersonal care processes with health care providers was significantly correlated with diabetes self-efficacy. Unmet needs in terms of health care providers’ support was also significantly and negatively correlated with interpersonal care processes and diabetes self-efficacy. SEM results revealed that unmet needs regarding health care providers’ support mediated the relationship between interpersonal care processes and diabetes self-efficacy. Improvements/ Applications: Therefore, diabetes self-efficacy is likely enhanced when interpersonal care processes include adequate communication between providers and patients, which in turn boosts support for patients with diabetes.

Keywords

Health Care Provider, Interpersonal Process, Mediation Analysis, Self-efficacy, Support.

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Eunkyong Ahn ¹, Youngshin Song ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Nursing, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, KR
2 Department of College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, KR

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study was to develop a pre-clinical placement program and evaluate its effect for the second year nursing students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A non-randomized control trial study was used. A total of 106 students participated in experimental group, attending the pre-clinical placement program, which consist of 8 hours of clinical practice after completion of fundamental nursing subject. Control group, 109 students, attended the standards education course. Both groups completed pre/post-test measure of self-efficacy, communication competency, and self-directed learning competency. The differences of main variables between groups were analyzed by t-test using SPSS program. Findings: Results showed that the mean difference of self-efficacy in nursing practice (t = -0.83, p = 0.41), communication competence (t = -0.19, p = 0.85), and SDL competence (t = -0.01, p = 0.99) between pre-test and post-test was not significant. However, the variable of self-efficacy in nursing practice and the mean score for several items such as 'nursing diagnoses' (t = 2.66, p = .01), 'physical examination' (t = 3.58, p<.001), and 'self-care education' (t = 3.11, p<.001) were significantly changed in the experimental group. Moreover, the experimental group had significant improvement in self-efficacy in aspects of nursing such as diagnosis (t = 2.66, p = 0.01), physical examination (t = 3.58, p<0.001), and self-care education (t = 3.11, p<0.001) compared to the control group. Application/Improvements: The PCP program was effective in improving multiple self-efficacies in nursing practice, such as defining nursing diagnoses, physical examination, and patient education.

Keywords

Clinical Practice, Communication, Nursing Students, Self-Directed Learning, Trial.

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